What does NADPH oxidase do?

NADPH oxidase constitutes a family of enzymes whose function is to catalyze the transfer of electrons to O2 generating superoxide or H2O2 using NADPH as an electron donor. The enzyme is composed of two membrane subunits, NOX and p22phox, and cytosolic regulatory subunits including a small GTP-binding protein Rac.

What does NADPH oxidase do?

NADPH oxidase constitutes a family of enzymes whose function is to catalyze the transfer of electrons to O2 generating superoxide or H2O2 using NADPH as an electron donor. The enzyme is composed of two membrane subunits, NOX and p22phox, and cytosolic regulatory subunits including a small GTP-binding protein Rac.

What does NADPH oxidase generate?

NADPH oxidase catalyzes the production of a superoxide free radical by transferring one electron to oxygen from NADPH. During this process O2 is transported from the extracellular space to the cell interior and the H+ is exported.

How does NADPH oxidase produce ROS?

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases are implicated in many physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. NADPH oxidase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen, through the Nox catalytic subunit, to produce ROS.

What is the function of NADPH oxidase in the human neutrophil?

Neutrophils are key cells of innate immunity and during inflammation. Upon activation, they produce large amounts of superoxide anion (O2 -. ) and ensuing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill phagocytized microbes. The enzyme responsible for O2 -. production is called the phagocyte NADPH oxidase.

What happens if you have NADPH oxidase deficiency?

NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays a pivotal role in the production of ROS, and the defect of its different subunits leads to the development of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The defect of the different NOX subunits in CGD affects different organs.

How is NADPH oxidase activated?

In intact cells, the NADPH oxidase activation is triggered by three important events: (i) the phosphorylation of all the NADPH oxidase subunits; (ii) the activation of Rac2; and (iii) the translocation of the cytosolic proteins to the membrane, involving changes in protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

Is NADPH oxidase an antioxidant?

NADPH oxidase is a primary target for antioxidant effects by inorganic nitrite in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in mice and in macrophage cells. Nitric Oxide.

How does NADPH reduce ROS?

Its reduced form, NADPH, is the donor of reductive potential to glutathione and thioredoxins, which in tum are used (directly or indirectly) by glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins and glutathione peroxidases to neutralize ROS (see Figure ​ 1).

How do you increase NADPH?

Overproduction of the enzymes SIRT3 and/or IDH2 may increase levels of NADPH. This protects against oxidative stress and cell death [6].

What happens if you have Nadph oxidase deficiency?

Where does superoxide dismutase come from?

Superoxide dismutase helps break down potentially harmful oxygen molecules in cells. This might prevent damage to tissues. Some superoxide dismutase products are made from cows. Others are made from melons or created in a lab.