A counterfactual explanation describes a causal situation in the form: “If X had not occurred, Y would not have occurred”. For example: “If I hadn’t taken a sip of this hot coffee, I wouldn’t have burned my tongue”. Event Y is that I burned my tongue; cause X is that I had a hot coffee.
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What is a counterfactual example?
A counterfactual explanation describes a causal situation in the form: “If X had not occurred, Y would not have occurred”. For example: “If I hadn’t taken a sip of this hot coffee, I wouldn’t have burned my tongue”. Event Y is that I burned my tongue; cause X is that I had a hot coffee.
What does Counterfact mean?
a conditional statement the first clause of which expresses something contrary to fact, as “If I had known” Derived forms. counterfact. noun.
What is a valid counterfactual?
Counterfactual conditionals (also subjunctive or X-marked) are conditional sentences which discuss what would have been true under different circumstances, e.g. “If Peter believed in ghosts, he would be afraid to be here.” Counterfactuals are contrasted with indicatives, which are generally restricted to discussing …
What is a counterfactual statement?
A counterfactual is interpreted as a statement about how things occur in other possible worlds governed by the same laws of nature. Roughly: �in every possible world that is relevantly similar to the existing world but in which the wind does not reach 50 miles per hour, the bridge does not collapse.
What are counterfactuals machine learning?
Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) are an emerging technique under the umbrella of interpretability of machine learning (ML) models. They provide “what if” feedback of the form “if an input datapoint were x’ instead of x, then an ML model’s output would be y’ instead of y.
What are counterfactuals in design thinking?
Counterfactual thinking is a concept in psychology that involves the human tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred; something that is contrary to what actually happened. Counterfactual thinking is, as it states: “counter to the facts”.
What is counterfactual in causal inference?
In the counterfactual model, a causal factor is a necessary factor without which the outcome (e.g. treatment success) would not have occurred. As the condition is not required to be sufficient for the outcome, multiple causal factors are allowed.
What is counterfactual in impact evaluation?
The ‘counterfactual’ measures what would have happened to beneficiaries in the absence of the intervention, and impact is estimated by comparing counterfactual outcomes to those observed under the intervention.
Are counterfactuals modal?
Counterfactual conditionals belong to a broader linguistic class of counterfactual (or subjunctive) modals, including might-counterfactuals, as well as “bare” (unembed- ded) possibility and necessity modals.
Do counterfactuals have truth value?
Counterfactuals are not truth-functional.
How do you use counterfactual in a sentence?
Counterfactual definition A counterfactual is defined as a statement that is not true. In the sentence “If dogs had no ears, they could not hear” the statement “if dogs had no ears” is an example of a counterfactual because dogs DO have ears..
Why do we use counterfactuals?
Counterfactuals serve a preparative function, and help people avoid past blunders. Counterfactual thinking also serves the affective function to make a person feel better. By comparing one’s present outcome to a less desirable outcome, the person may feel better about the current situation (1995).